Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict Essay - 1140 Words

Charles Darwin characterized sexual selection as â€Å"variance in the number of mates†. The purpose of sexual selection is to perfect the secondary sexual characteristics, which are the morphological differences between the two sexes. On the other hand the primary sexual characteristics are the differences between the reproductive genital systems of the two sexes. Sexual selection instead of adapting the individual to the environment, like natural selection, it does enhance traits involved in mate acquisition. Sexual conflict, on the other hand, occurs when males and females have different reproductive interests and deriving from the urge of sexual reproduction. This is boosted by promiscuity when males and females have several partners.†¦show more content†¦In 1990 Barette and Vandal studied sparring in caribou. From the 713 matches between males of different antler sizes, 90% of the time males with the smaller antlers retreated. Also there is the intersexual sele ction, which is also known as the female choice. There are three cases of intersexual selection. Firstly, the female choice co-evolved with trait exaggeration, otherwise called Fisher’s process. Secondly, the choosy females gain direct benefit and thirdly, females are choosy because of sensory bias. Fisher’s process is divided in two phases. At phase one, the female preferences evolve because the trait that they prefer is favored by natural selection and as a result, their offspring are more likely to have the beneficial trait. When there is a distinct difference in a species, which is linked with the selective advantage, the females tend to choose the males that clearly distinguish the difference that is to be observed and they will prefer the most advantageous type. As for phase two, once the female preferences exist, males with the specific trait are more fit, which is both a natural and a sexual selection advantage. As a result there will be an increasing selective force favoring stronger preferences and more extreme traits. The runaway process will eventually stop, when there is no longer genetic variation for further trait or preference exaggeration or when the viability costs of the trait, balance sexualShow MoreRelatedRape, Sexual, And Sexual Behavior1069 Words   |  5 Pagesof violence in the United States. The statistics behind sexual assault are staggering, affecting approximately 1 in 3 women (George Mason University, 2005). Sexual violence extends across various human cultures and overwhelmingly occurs in countless animal species. In nonhuman primates, sexual coercion happens regularly and fairly consistently, leading scientists to presume sexual coercion tactics evolved as another form of sexual selection (Smuts and Smuts, 1993). 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Pros and Cons of IaaS and PaaS-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the IaaS and PaaS approach of moving the Database of Webbs Stores to the Cloud. Answer: Introduction Cloud Computing is an internet based process of computing that will allow sharing of resources, computing and storing information online. This allows an organization to perform certain functions without investing or purchasing their own resources. This report discusses about the IaaS and PaaS approach of moving the database of Webbs Stores to the cloud. This report compares these two approaches and suggests a suitable approach for Webbs Stores. IaaS approach of moving the database to the Cloud Infrastructure as a service is a service model of the Cloud Computing that will allow Webbs Stores to access network, storage facilities and also storage services (Jadeja Modi, 2012). It will also provide administration and hardware services. The Webbs Stores needs to build an application and load all its software that will run in the cloud. Then they need to upload the VM to hosts environment. IaaS approach is best when the organization has no time for reengineering the application. The company needs to take into account a technology domain. Certain conditions like checking the financial considerations must be satisfied without which migrating to IaaS will become difficult (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). This approach has certain disadvantages like dependence on third party and degradation of service quality. In IaaS, the Webbs Stores will have full privilege in accessing the virtual machine. Few things that are needed in order to migrate the database to cloud are data stream amount and resource requirement that are dynamic. This approach migration is different than migrating via PaaS approach. PaaS approach of moving the database to the Cloud Platform as a service is a Cloud service model that provides a platform for developing applications over the internet by providing hardware and software like middleware and software (Wang et al., 2012). Webbs Stores will be provided with all the facilities for developing and delivering the software that will help them to build cloud applications and release them in an elastic and scalable environment. Steps to be taken by Webbs Stores to move the database to Cloud by PaaS approach are configuring an Azure SQL Database and Azure Web App. The company never has to log in to the VM server (Gibson et al., 2012). The PaaS approach has several restrictions at every layer of technology of the stack of application like database, programming language, third party library, middleware and restrictions associated with the selected PaaS. Advantages and Disadvantages of IaaS and PaaS approach IaaS Approach PaaS Approach Advantages: The workload required for this approach is little. The complexity of the migration process is very easy. It has no complexity as such. There is no need for adaptation (Kavis, 2014). This approach saves the expenditure of capital that is required for hardware. Advantages: This approach offers a scalability that is dynamic in nature. The configurable procedure is easy. It has the lowest cost among all the cloud approaches. Availability is high. Disadvantages: This is the most expensive approach among all the approaches. Customer has to take the responsibility of managing the virtual machine. Customer is responsible for the backups. The customers do not have control over the server or physical location of the virtual machine. Disadvantages: The migration workload is moderate as compared to IaaS. The complexity of migration is also moderate. The customer needs to modify application to make it compatible with PaaS (Garrison, Kim Wakefield, 2012). Platform is shared among multiple customers. Table 1: Benefits and Challenges of IaaS and PaaS Approach Recommendations The Webbs Stores should take the PaaS approach as this will provide the company with a platform to develop its own application along with storage and resource sharing facilities. It is scalable and easy to configure. The cost of this approach is the lowest. This is not a time consuming process. Conclusion This report concludes that the best option for Webbs Stores is to take the PaaS approach to move its database to the cloud because this is the suitable for the purpose of this company. This report also compares the IaaS and PaaS approach stating its benefits and challenges References Garrison, G., Kim, S., Wakefield, R. L. (2012). Success factors for deploying cloud computing.Communications of the ACM,55(9), 62-68. Gibson, J., Rondeau, R., Eveleigh, D., Tan, Q. (2012, November). Benefits and challenges of three cloud computing service models. InComputational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN), 2012 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 198-205). IEEE. Jadeja, Y., Modi, K. (2012, March). Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. InComputing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 877-880). IEEE. Kavis, M. J. (2014).Architecting the cloud: design decisions for cloud computing service models (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS). John Wiley Sons. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Wang, C., Wang, Q., Ren, K., Cao, N., Lou, W. (2012). Toward secure and dependable storage services in cloud computing.IEEE transactions on Services Computing,5(2), 220-232.